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肠道菌群 3

传染病 2

心血管疾病 2

疾病 2

癌症 2

糖尿病 2

过敏性疾病 2

2型糖尿病 1

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Circulating microRNAs in cardiovascular diseases: from biomarkers to therapeutic targets

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第4期页码 404-418 doi: 10.1007/s11684-014-0379-2

摘要：

microRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of conserved, short, non-coding RNAs that have important and potent capacities to regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. In the past several years, the aberrant expressions of miRNAs in the cardiovascular system have been widely reported, and the crucial roles of some special miRNAs in heart development and pathophysiology of various cardiovascular diseases have been gradually recognized. Recently, it was discovered that miRNAs are presented in peripheral circulation abundantly and stably. This has raised the possibility of using circulating miRNAs as biomarkers for diseases. Furthermore, some studies demonstrated that circulating miRNAs may serve as novel extracellular communicators of cell-cell communication. These discoveries not only reveal the functions of circulating miRNAs in cardiovascular system but also inform the development of miRNAs therapeutic strategies. In this review, we discuss the potential roles of circulating miRNAs in a variety of cardiovascular diseases from biomarkers to therapeutic targets to clearly understand the roles of circulating miRNAs in cardiovascular system.

关键词： microRNA cardiovascular disease biomarkers therapeutic target

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Prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in China

Jun-Jie XIAO MD, Yi-Han CHEN MD, PhD,

《医学前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第1期页码 16-20 doi: 10.1007/s11684-010-0007-8

摘要： Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) cause one third of all deaths in China, and the number is anticipated to double by 2020. They also greatly result in disability and adjusted life year loss. The prevalence of CVD has become a new burden for China, due to an aging population, smoking, and changes in dietary habits and lifestyles. As the largest developing country, China needs to tailor her own national policies for managing CVD with full consideration of epidemiology, local needs, and affordability. Smoking cessation, increased physical activity, control of hypertension and hypercholesterolemia, and maintenance of a “traditional Chinese” diet should be important strategies for reducing the burden of CVD in China. Health officials in China should take their responsibilities to implement educational and preventive measures seriously.

关键词： cardiovascular diseases prevalence China risk factors prevention

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Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α7 subunit: a novel therapeutic target for cardiovascular diseases

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第1期页码 35-40 doi: 10.1007/s11684-012-0171-0

摘要：

Inflammation is important in the pathogenesis and development of cardiovascular diseases. Recent studies show that vagus nerve stimulation inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokine production through “the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway,” more specifically via the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR). In the current study, the role of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway during septic shock, hypertension, and myocardial infarction is reviewed, and its possible clinical implications in cardiovascular diseases are discussed.

关键词： α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor cardiovascular diseases baroreflex sensitivity

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国外重大慢性非传染性疾病防治对策研究

张祝琴,刘德培

《中国工程科学》 2017年第19卷第2期页码 112-116 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2017.02.019

摘要：

重大慢性非传染性疾病包括心脑血管疾病、癌症、呼吸系统疾病、糖尿病等，其流行给全球居民健康造成了重大威胁。为进一步对慢性病进行有效预防控制，促进健康、推动经济和社会发展，2014年中国工程院立项并开展了“重大慢性非传染性疾病防治的国际对比研究”项目，对国内外慢性病预防控制情况以及可供我们借鉴的经验进行了详细分析。本文从慢性病发病概况入手，分析了各种疾病的预防控制措施，并对不同国家的慢性病预防控制体系进行比较，凝练有益经验和方法，提出了增强我国慢性病预防控制的措施和建议。

关键词：慢性病心脑血管疾病癌症呼吸系统疾病糖尿病疾病预防控制体系

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中药生物活性成分对糖脂代谢紊乱疾病的治疗作用和机制 Review

张莹, 鞠佳明, 焦磊, 杨宝峰

《工程（英文）》 2023年第29卷第10期页码 73-82 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.03.004

摘要：

胆固醇和葡萄糖稳态异常在心血管疾病、脑血管疾病、中枢神经系统疾病和癌症等多种疾病的发生发展中起着至关重要的作用。越来越多的研究表明，体内脂肪堆积过多与2型糖尿病或胰岛素抵抗有关，高胆固醇和高血糖将加重上述疾病的发展进程。因此，稳定患者的血脂和血糖水平是改善心脑血管和中枢神经系统疾病患者症状的主要策略。中药（CHM）在中国已有两千多年的历史，建立了独特的中医理论，积累了丰富的临床经验。此外，中药在国内外广泛应用于心脑血管疾病的治疗和预防，具有防治高脂血症、糖尿病和高血压等疾病的优势。然而，中药在西方国家的使用仍然相当有限，部分原因是对其多种复杂成分的了解不完整，药理机制不确定。本文就中药生物活性成分及其制剂治疗高脂血症和高血糖症的作用、分子机制和临床研究进展进行综述和讨论。

关键词： Chinese herbal medicines Hyperlipidemia Hyperglycemia Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases

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Multislice computed tomography angiography in the diagnosis of cardiovascular disease: 3D visualizations

Zhonghua Sun

《医学前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第3期页码 254-270 doi: 10.1007/s11684-011-0153-7

摘要： Multislice computed tomography (CT) has been widely used in clinical practice for the diagnosis of cardiovascular disease due to its reduced invasiveness and high spatial and temporal resolution. As a reliable alternative to conventional angiography, multislice CT angiography has been recognized as the method of choice for detecting and diagnosing head and neck vascular disease, abdominal aortic aneurysm, aortic dissection, and pulmonary embolism. In patients with suspected coronary artery disease, although invasive coronary angiography still remains as the gold standard technique, multislice CT angiography demonstrates high diagnostic accuracy; in selected patients, it is considered as the first-line technique. The imaging diagnosis of cardiovascular disease is based on a combination of two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) visualization tools to enhance the diagnostic value. This is facilitated by reconstructed visualizations which provide additional information about the extent of the disease, an accurate assessment of the spatial relationship between normal structures and pathological changes, and pre-operative planning and post-procedure follow-up. The aim of the present article is to present an overview of the diagnostic performance of various 2D and 3D CT visualizations in cardiovascular disease, including multiplanar reformation, maximum intensity projection, volume rendering, and virtual intravascular endoscopy. The recognition of the potential value of these visualizations will assist clinicians in efficiently using the multislice CT imaging modality for the diagnostic management of patients with cardiovascular disease.

关键词： cardiovascular disease multislice computed tomography three-dimensional reconstruction diagnosis visualization

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Potential functions of esophageal cancer-related gene-4 in the cardiovascular system

Rui Zhou, Yuanshu Liu, Wenjun Huang, Xitong Dang

《医学前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第6期页码 639-645 doi: 10.1007/s11684-019-0701-0

摘要： Esophageal cancer-related gene-4 ( ) is cloned from the normal epithelium of the esophagus. It is constitutively expressed in quiescent epithelial cells and downregulated during tumorigenesis, and expression levels are inversely correlated with the malignant phenotype of tumor cells, validating that is a real tumor suppressor gene. Unlike other tumor suppressor genes that usually encode membrane or intracellular proteins, encodes a 148-amino acid pre-pro-peptide that is tethered on the cell surface in epithelial cells, specialized epithelial cells, and human leukocytes, where it can be processed tissue dependently into several small peptides upon cell activation. Ecrg4 is expressed in a wide variety of other cells/tissues, including cardiomyocytes and conduction system of the heart，, the glomus cells of the carotid body, adrenal glands, choroid plexus, and leukocytes among others, where it exerts distinct functions, such as promoting/suppressing inflammation, inducing neuron senescence, stimulating the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis, maintaining the stemness of stem cells, participating in the rhythm and rate control of the heart, and possibly gauging the responsiveness of the cardiovascular system (CVS) to hypoxia, in addition to tumor suppression. Here, we briefly review the latest discoveries on Ecrg4 and its underlying molecular mechanisms as a tumor suppressor and focus on the emerging roles of Ecrg4 in the CVS.

关键词： tumor suppressor gene esophageal cancer-related gene-4 cardiovascular disease hypoxia

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Laparoscopic treatment of liver diseases in children

Jia Wei, Jiexiong Feng

《医学前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第4期页码 388-394 doi: 10.1007/s11684-011-0165-3

摘要： Laparoscopic liver surgery has been increasingly used for the treatment of pediatric liver diseases over the past decade due to the development of special laparoscopic instruments and improvements in the technique. A number of factors are considered when electing to undergo the surgical process, including age, type of liver disease, and so on. Especially in children with liver masses, the number of trocars used and the position of their placement must be carefully designed to achieve successful outcomes. In the current review, the application of various laparoscopic instruments and the methods used for the laparoscopic treatment of liver diseases in children over the past decade are summarized.

关键词： laparoscopic surgery liver mass pediatric

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IgG N-糖基心血管年龄独立于真实年龄精准表征心血管事件风险 Article

武志远, 郭政, 郑雨露, 王玉涛, 张海平, 潘慧颖, 李志伟, Lois Balmer, 李霞, 陶丽新, 郭秀花, 王嵬

《工程（英文）》 2023年第26卷第7期页码 99-107 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.12.004

摘要：

亚临床动脉粥样硬化和代谢紊乱是心血管健康的重要风险因素，应用免疫球蛋白G（IgG）N-聚糖模式作为炎症指标表征其发病风险已有研究报道。然而，对于IgG N-糖基谱在心血管疾病（CVD）风险分层中的能力仍然未知。本研究旨在利用IgG N-糖基标志物开发追踪心血管疾病风险的年龄指数。本研究基于横断面调查，从Busselton健康和老龄研究中共招募1465名40~70岁之间的个体。使用机器学习递归特征消除和惩罚回归算法逐步筛选特征糖基，并开发IgG N-糖基化心血管年龄（GlyCage）指数，以反映归因于心血管风险的与真实年龄间的偏差。结果显示，对GlyCage指数贡献最大的是具有双分叉N-乙酰葡萄糖胺（GlcNAc）的岩藻糖基化N-聚糖（GP6, FA2B）和具有双分叉GlcNAc的双半乳糖基化N-聚糖（GP13, A2BG2）。GlyCage独立于真实年龄，与较高的Framingham十年心血管风险[优势比（OR）为1.09；95% CI: 1.05~1.13]和患心血管疾病概率（OR, 1.07; 95% CI: 1.01~1.13）显著相关。GlyCage大于真实年龄三年及以上的个体，其心血管风险和心血管疾病患病概率增加，调整后的OR值分别为2.22（95% CI：1.41~3.53）和2.71（95% CI: 1.25~6.41）。GlyCage指数区分十年心血管风险和事件的ROC曲线下面积（AUC）值分别为0.73和0.65，而真实年龄为0.65和0.63。因此，本研究开发的GlyCage指数利用IgG N-糖基谱追踪心血管健康水平。GlyCage和真实年龄之间的差距能够独立地表征心血管风险，提示IgG N-糖基化在心血管疾病的发病机制中起作用。GlyCage指数对心血管风险的预测能力需要在其他人群中进行外部和纵向验证。

关键词： IgG N-糖基心血管年龄心血管年龄免疫球蛋白G 糖基化炎症特征选择机器学习

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Cultural differences define diagnosis and genomic medicine practice: implications for undiagnosed diseases

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第3期页码 389-394 doi: 10.1007/s11684-013-0281-3

摘要：

Despite the current acceleration and increasing leadership of Chinese genetics research, genetics and its clinical application have largely been imported to China from the Occident. Neither genetics nor the scientific reductionism underpinning its clinical application is integral to the traditional Chinese worldview. Given that disease concepts and their incumbent diagnoses are historically derived and culturally meaningful, we hypothesize that the cultural expectations of genetic diagnoses and medical genetics practice differ between the Occident and China. Specifically, we suggest that an undiagnosed diseases program in China will differ from the recently established Undiagnosed Diseases Program at the United States National Institutes of Health; a culturally sensitive concept will integrate traditional Chinese understanding of disease with the scientific reductionism of Occidental medicine.

关键词： genetics cultural differences undiagnosed diseases program

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Diagnosis and therapy of lacrimal system diseases by micro lacrimal endoscope

Nan XIANG, Weikun HU, Jing YUAN, Guigang LI, Haixia LIU

《医学前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第1期页码 113-117 doi: 10.1007/s11684-009-0001-1

摘要： The lacrimal endoscope is applied to the diagnosis and therapy of the disorders of the lacrimal system in combination with laser or micro drills under orthophoria. The changes of mucous membranes, the characteristics of pathological changes and the predilection sites of lacrimal system diseases were initially approached. One hundred and forty six pairs of eyes of 128 patients with lacrimal system disease were observed by the lacrimal endoscope in the Ophthalmology Department of Tongji Hospital from June 2006 to March 2007. The dynamic changes in mucous membranes, lesion sites, secreted substances and formation of membrane could be observed under orthophoria. Combined with laser or micro drill, the endoscope was applied to the therapy of lacrimal system disorders and the difference before and after the treatment was observed. Results are as follows: (1) The examination and therapy using the lacrimal endoscope were completed under topical anesthesia in 122 patients, and 6 patients of neonatorum dacryocystitis were examined and treated under general anaesthesia. All patients reported painless. (2) Sharp images of the lacrimal system were obtained by the endoscope. Normal lacrimal mucosal membrane was smooth and light pink, expanded and unobstructed during irrigation. In chronic dacryocystitis patients, the inhomogeneous colour of mucosal membranes was red and white, with different degrees of fibrotic membranes at the superior, middle and inferior parts of the nasolacrimal canals and secreted substances at sac could be observed. The lacrimal ducts could not be expanded and obstructed during irrigation. The patients with lacrimal system obstruction had different extents of membrane formation, and stenosis or complete obstruction of the lacrimal duct could be observed, and the corresponding mucosal membrane was not smooth which could not be expanded and obstructed during irrigation. (3) After the treatment by the endoscope combined with laser or micro drill, the major proliferation of the membrane disappeared and the lacrimal duct was unobstructed during irrigation. The cure rate and effective rate were 80.1% and 93.1%, respectively. The lacrimal endoscope is a new method in the diagnosis of lacrimal system diseases. Through a combination with laser or micro drill to carry out the therapy under orthophoria, it will bring a great change to the diagnosis and therapy of lacrimal system diseases.

关键词： lacrimal apparatus diseases endoscopes

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Responses to emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases: One world, One health

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第1期页码 1-2 doi: 10.1007/s11684-018-0619-y

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Therapeutic application of hydrogen sulfide donors: the potential and challenges

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第1期页码 18-27 doi: 10.1007/s11684-015-0427-6

摘要：

Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), a colorless gas smelling of rotten egg, has long been considered a toxic gas and environment hazard. However, evidences show that H₂S plays a great role in many physiological and pathological activities, and it exhibits different effects when applied at various doses. In this review, we summarize the chemistry and biomedical applications of H₂S-releasing compounds, including inorganic salts, phosphorodithioate derivatives, derivatives of Allium sativum extracts, derivatives of thioaminoacids, and derivatives of anti-inflammatory drugs.

关键词： hydrogen sulfide cardiovascular cancer hypertension

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轴向零泊松比结构心血管支架的设计、3D打印与表征 Article

王程锦, 张磊, 方永聪, 孙伟

《工程（英文）》 2021年第7卷第7期页码 979-990 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.02.013

摘要：

药物洗脱支架固有的缺陷促进了生物可吸收心血管支架的研究与发展。近年来，增材制造技术（也称3D打印技术）在医疗器械领域得到了广泛的应用。本文提出了一种新型的微螺杆挤出式3D打印系统，并利用该系统制备了一种具有零泊松比（ZPR）结构的支架。首先进行了初步的单丝挤出试验来研究合适的制造参数；随后，制备了具有不同几何结构的3D打印支架，并通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察分析支架表面形貌；最后，对不同参数的3D打印支架进行了力学性能评价和初步的生物学评价。总之，基于微螺杆挤出式3D打印系统具有制备个性化支架的潜力。

关键词：增材制造 3D打印螺杆挤出心血管支架零泊松比